The emphasis of the article is to learn how to make calculations, detailing, which will be the basis for a novice furniture master,
because you must admit that designing and assembling furniture is not the same thing.
Learning, of course, is faster and easier on a living example, which we will actually do on the example of ordinary cabinet furniture made of laminated chipboard (laminated chipboard).
For example, let's choose some useful thing in the house, for example, a chest of drawers with drawers.
So, a chest of drawers - let's bring it to the size we need and for this we will consider some of the nuances, thanks to which we will come to some natural truths.
1. Let's start with the plinth, which is present in every house or apartment, and this element should set the height of the base or the height of the legs of our chest of drawers.
What does this mean - the height of the base? The main thing is the level of the bottom of the chest of drawers, which we must place above the plinth so that it is possible to move the chest of drawers close to the wall.
Of course, you can’t miss the alternative options when the chest of drawers is made with a back release of 20-30mm. thus solving the problem with the plinth, but at the same time there remains an ugly gap on the side of the body of our furniture.
2. Next, choose the width of the dresser, which we take 900mm. - this is the most common width of standard chests of drawers, which, by the way, allows you to make the normal opening of drawers.
The normal opening (extension) of drawers means the following: problems of various kinds of guides and their installation in combination with the dimensions of the drawers themselves can cause distortions, rubbing, jamming and uneven fit of the drawer front to the cabinet body, etc.
All these points are known by professionals and often recommend the most correct sizes to clients in order to avoid the above problems.
3. The depth of the chest of drawers - this size must also be correctly chosen and there are recommendations in this regard:
furniture guides have a gradation of length with an interval of 50 mm. respectively 300, 350, 400, 450, etc., knowing the length of the selected guide, we can calculate the size of the depth of the finished product.
First, a small educational program about guides, which you also need to know in order to take it into account in the calculations.
There are full and partial extension furniture rails, depending on the design:
Full extension - this is when the design of the rail allows you to pull the drawer outward as a whole, and the partial extension rail leaves the back of the drawer in the body by about 100mm. which of course does not cause discomfort, but most inexpensive guides work that way.
Having the necessary information, let's start calculating the depth of the chest of drawers:
we select a roller guide 450 mm. Therefore, the drawer should also be made 450 mm deep, although in some cases more can be done.
Next, add the thickness of the front of the box (because the box is made in the form of a box, the front is also needed) = 18mm.
+ technological gap between the back wall of the drawer and the back wall of the cabinet (hardboard) = 5-10mm.
+ depth from the end of the side wall to the groove of the rear wall = 10mm.
and the last point is the thickness of the rear wall (MDF) of the pedestal body = 4mm.
The sum of all components will be the following 450+18+10+4+10=492mm.
So, 492mm. this is the minimum depth of our projected chest of drawers with a guide of 450mm. I suggest rounding by 500mm. and start designing the product.
For design, we have the width, depth and height of the plinth, and we do not have the overall height of the chest of drawers, which is also easy to calculate:
Take for example the components - 4 drawers 200 mm high. + the height of the base, which we take on average 60mm. (under the euro skirting) and the roof thickness of the product is 18mm.,
add up (4 x 200 = 800) + 60 + 18 = 878mm. and the last to the height dimension add 5mm. on a furniture leg, which in the end is 883mm.
For the manufacture of a chest of drawers, we will use a furniture chipboard with a thickness of 18mm.
Now we have the full dimensions of the dresser and an idea of how to calculate it - width 900mm., Height 883mm., Depth 500mm.
For clarity, we will perform the design calculation of the product in the WOODY furniture program, which will allow us to see the whole process visually, resulting in professional drawings.
So, we create a chest of drawers - a roof, side walls (bulkheads), a bottom, etc.
Dimensions:
1. Roof - 900 x 500 x 18 (consignment roof) - this overall size of the chest of drawers is the overall size of the lid.
2. Side walls - 860 x 480 x 18
The height of the side wall is calculated as follows: the height of the chest of drawers is 883 mm. - (minus) outer cover 18mm. - furniture support 5mm. = 860mm.
Depth (width) of the side wall = overall depth of the chest of drawers 500mm. - (minus) 18mm. facade thickness - 2mm. gap between the facade and the end of the side wall = 480mm.
3. Inner bottom - 860 x 466 x 18
The width of the part (inner bottom) is calculated as follows: the overall width of the chest of drawers is 900mm. - (minus) 4mm. indentation of the cover by 2mm. to the side (see clearance diagram) - 36mm. the sum of the thickness of 2 side racks = 860mm.
4. Plinth 860 x 60 x 18
The plinth has the same length as the bottom, so we take 860mm., And we set the height earlier = 60mm.
5. The rear wall of fiberboard - the dimensions and method of fastening require additional description:
We groove the side walls and the fiberboard will go into the groove, which will allow us to have a presentable appearance of our product when viewed from the side.
There is an alternative fastening of the back wall, by nailing it overlapping to the end of the side wall, but we can say that this method is the simplest and visually spoils the appearance of the dresser, since the end of the fiberboard will be visible from the side of the chest of drawers.
Fastening the rear wall of the fiberboard to the bottom will be done just with an overlap, by nailing it with furniture nails, we will do the same from above, but for this we will have to install an additional part - the drawer.
The drawer is a detail on which you should stop a little:
its only function is to make it possible to nail the back wall of the chest of drawers from above under the lid, and you can fix the drawer directly to the inside of the lid with screws, after making the necessary indents.
The drawer side will have a dimension of 860 x 80 x 18
The size of the back wall of the fiberboard will be as follows: 796 x 874 x 4
The height of the fiberboard is calculated: 883mm. gab. chest of drawers - (minus) outer cover 18mm. - furniture support 5mm. - 60mm. base - 4mm. technologically 2 mm. top and bottom clearance = 796mm.
Width of fiberboard: inner opening of cabinet 860mm. + 7mm. + 7mm. groove depth in the side walls = 874mm.
6. Drawstring for fastening the back wall will be made in the following size: 860 x 80 x 18 length = internal opening of the cabinet 860mm. width = 80mm.
7. Drawer fronts have dimensions: 896 х 198 х 18
Width: dresser dimensions 900 mm wide. - (minus) 4 mm. edge clearance (2 mm per side) - 4 mm. offset by 2mm. on each side of the side pillar = 896mm.
Height: overall height of the chest of drawers is 883mm. - (minus) outer cover 18mm. - furniture support 5mm. - 60mm. base - technological gaps (2 + 2 + 2 + 2 \u003d 8 see diagram) and divide into 4 pieces. (facade) = 198mm.
8. The calculation of boxes should take into account the following points - these are height, depth and width, while the box itself consists of 5 parts - 2 side walls, front and rear walls, and the bottom.
We must take the height from the following calculations:
the front of the box has a height of 198mm. - (minus) 30mm. from the top edge of the drawer and - 5mm. bottom level.
Total we get 198mm - 30mm. - 5mm. - 4mm. fiberboard bottom = 159mm., but for optimization we will take into account the size of 160mm.
So, we calculated the height of 4 parts of the box: 2 side, front and rear walls of the box.
We accept the depth of the side walls of the box = 450mm. along the length of the rails,
and the length of the front and rear walls will be obtained by the following calculation:
furniture rails in our product will use roller rails
link you can see the device and technological additives:
Side clearance for such guides we take 13mm. left and right of the drawer in total = 26mm.
Width of an internal opening of a curbstone of 860 mm. - (minus) 26mm. - 36 (18+18) thickness of the side walls of the box = 798mm.
Further:
- side walls of the box 160 x 450 x 18
- front and back wall 160 x 798 x 18
- the bottom of the fiberboard will have a size of 448 x 832, stepping back 1 mm. on each side of the box from the dimension.
Having all the calculations, we will pay attention to another important element - this is the PVC edge.
An overview of the edges can be viewed at the link.
The fact is that it is customary to veneer all the ends of the front elements of furniture with a 2 mm thick edge, therefore, we will always take into account the size of the part, both saw and overall, and amend the calculations.
For example, if the front of the drawer in our calculations has a dimension of 896 x 198 (with a PVC edge of 2 mm around the perimeter), then the saw size of the workpiece will be 892 x 194. In
our chest of drawers, the edge is 2 mm thick. we will edge the drawer fronts and the lid, this will be enough, and we edge all the other parts with an edge 0.5 mm thick., and for this edge they usually do not make adjustments and take the saw and overall dimensions of the part to be the same, although 1 mm runs on two sides of the part, but for the body furniture is not critical.
The next step is to assemble the chest of drawers.
We sit the fittings strictly according to the drawings and assemble the chest of drawers, first assembling the body, and then the drawers, and finally the facades.
Drawer guides should first be installed on the side walls of the chest of drawers.
Particular attention should be paid to the installation of drawer fronts.
One of the ways to install facades can be using double-sided tape:
first, drawers without facades are installed in the chest of drawers and on the front walls of the drawers we glue two vertical strips of adhesive tape 1 mm thick. - left and right, then applying 2mm thick PVC edge trims. we fix the gap between the dresser lid and the end of the upper front of the drawer, center the front and press it by gluing the front to the adhesive tape, at the end it remains to fix the front with furniture screws through the front wall of the drawer. We do the same procedure with the rest of the boxes from top to bottom.
A little advice - with this method, you need to accurately install the guides so that the drawer front can touch the adhesive tape, and not rest against the side racks of the dresser, but with the help of another assistant, you can push the drawer to meet the drawer front with your hand from the back.
In the end, it is necessary to make a trim under the plinth - in each case individually.
Masters - professionals and beginners, to support the project, click on the advertisement - this is as a thank you for the free project!
Cabinet drawings in .PDF format Полный комплект деталей с присадкой.
Specification for fittings and board materials in .PDF format Спецификация на изготовление тумбы.
Schemes in .PDF format Схемы.
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